If God’s mercy is not available to whoever wants or seeks, then why does He present His Commandments to us, and asks us to voluntarily accept Him with our own free will?
The Epistle of St Paul to the Romans, Fr Tadros Yacoub Malaty (PDF)
To pick up where we left off last week:
Romans 9: 15 For He says to Moses, “I will have mercy on whomever I will have mercy, and I will have compassion on whomever I will have compassion.” 16 So then it is not of him who wills, nor of him who runs, but of God who shows mercy.
We see other verses that require our attention before concluding that this entire relationship with God is driven by His arbitrary choices.
Philippians 2: 12 Therefore, my beloved, as you have always obeyed, not as in my presence only, but now much more in my absence, work out your own salvation with fear and trembling; 13 for it is God who works in you both to will and to do for His good pleasure.
We see in this verse the necessity of our cooperation with God and the work He is doing in us.
Matthew 10: 21 “Now brother will deliver up brother to death, and a father his child; and children will rise up against parents and cause them to be put to death. 22 And you will be hated by all for My name’s sake. But he who endures to the end will be saved.”
It is we who must endure. Of course, we cannot do so without God’s help. But it is on us to do so......
19 You will say to me then, “Why does He still find fault? For who has resisted His will?” 20 But indeed, O man, who are you to reply against God? Will the thing formed say to him who formed it, “Why have you made me like this?” 21 Does not the potter have power over the clay, from the same lump to make one vessel for honor and another for dishonor?
St John Chrysostom:
“He has not used this example to deny the gift of free will. Rather, he intends to reveal the extent to which we should obey God. By calling God as the Potter, we become as a lump of clay before Him.
“…do not think that [Paul] says these words to refer to the creation, and that it is obligated and devoid of free will. His purpose is to reveal God’s authority and His various plans...if we give a different interpretation other than that, we commit a number of errors. If the Apostle was speaking about man’s will in this passage, and stating that God has created good and wicked will, then he would have absolved man from responsibility and he would have contradicted himself. Indeed, St Paul always expresses great appreciation for the gift of free will.”
In other words, God is at work within us, and without this, we can do nothing. But with this, we are to do something.
22 What if God, wanting to show His wrath and to make His power known, endured with much longsuffering the vessels of wrath prepared for destruction, 23 and that He might make known the riches of His glory on the vessels of mercy, which He had prepared beforehand for glory, 24 even us whom He called, not of the Jews only, but also of the Gentiles?
Conclusion
25 As He says also in Hosea: “I will call them My people, who were not My people, And her beloved, who was not beloved.” 26 “And it shall come to pass in the place where it was said to them, ‘You are not My people,’ There they shall be called sons of the living God.”
This entire chapter is focused on Israel, intended to get them off of the idea that God’s hands are tied only to them and no other – and always to them no matter their faith. Everything said about God’s will is intended to disabuse Israel of the arrogance of their place.
30 What shall we say then? That Gentiles, who did not pursue righteousness, have attained to righteousness, even the righteousness of faith; 31 but Israel, pursuing the law of righteousness, has not attained to the law of righteousness. 32 Why? Because they did not seek it by faith, but as it were, by the works of the law. For they stumbled at that stumbling stone.
The Gentiles did not receive the Law, but they saw through Christ the righteousness of the Law. Israel, instead, saw the Law in the context of works, not faith.
33(a) As it is written: “Behold, I lay in Zion a stumbling stone and rock of offense,
It is almost as if Paul is saying: Just as God gave many chances to Pharoah before hardening Pharoah’s heart, He has also done so for Israel. Finally, when Christ came, their hearts were clearly hardened.
Christ was their stumbling stone.
33(b) And whoever believes on Him will not be put to shame.”

