One of the things I love about working through the New Testament and studying it is going back into the Old Testament and seeing the foundations of the events in the New Testament era and further into the first century.
I had a lecturer at college who was an incredible mind when it came to theology and history. He stood head and shoulders above most of the other lecturers I had, and one thing he used to say is, “I think more of the Old Testament prophecies are fulfilled than people realize.” I did not have the training, study or ability to fully understand what he was saying at the time, but the more I have grown in my study of the Bible and more I teach through the New Testament the more I see how correct he was. A good example of this is found in Matthew 21. Many are familiar with parts of this fulfilment, but many others do not consider the full implications of what is happening here.
A key reason for this is because of how we celebrate this passage every year just before Easter. Celebrating Psalm Sunday every year is a good tradition, I have nothing against it, I will continue to do it and continue to encourage others to do it too. But looking at a passage outside of its natural textual context can kind of make you miss what is actually happening. And it can help foster misunderstandings about the Bible. I think it is really useful to slow down and consider this passage in its own right in its context and what it is connected to in the Old Testament.
Matthew chapters 21 to 27 cover the last week of Jesus’ life, before the crucifixion, 5 days according the gospels. The intensity of his teaching and the intensity of his confrontations with the Pharisees is going to increase. He really notches it up here in chapter 21. We read here,
“1 Now when they drew near to Jerusalem and came to Bethphage, to the Mount of Olives, then Jesus sent two disciples, 2 saying to them, “Go into the village in front of you, and immediately you will find a donkey tied, and a colt with her. Untie them and bring them to me. 3 If anyone says anything to you, you shall say, ‘The Lord needs them,’ and he will send them at once.” 4 This took place to fulfill what was spoken by the prophet, saying, 5 “Say to the daughter of Zion, ‘Behold, your king is coming to you, humble, and mounted on a donkey, on a colt, the foal of a beast of burden.’” 6 The disciples went and did as Jesus had directed them. 7 They brought the donkey and the colt and put on them their cloaks, and he sat on them. 8 Most of the crowd spread their cloaks on the road, and others cut branches from the trees and spread them on the road. 9 And the crowds that went before him and that followed him were shouting, “Hosanna to the Son of David! Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord! Hosanna in the highest!” 10 And when he entered Jerusalem, the whole city was stirred up, saying, “Who is this?” 11 And the crowds said, “This is the prophet Jesus, from Nazareth of Galilee” (Matt. 21:1-11)
I wonder if the crowds understood what was really happening here. I wonder if many Christians today realize what was actually happening here. Matthew notes, here how this event fulfills an Old Testament prophecy, “4 This took place to fulfill what was spoken by the prophet, saying, 5 “Say to the daughter of Zion, ‘Behold, your king is coming to you, humble, and mounted on a donkey, on a colt, the foal of a beast of burden.’” We all know that this is a prophecy from Zechariah and that the reason the king of Judah was to come into Zion on a donkey was to symbolize humility. Jesus fulfils both this prophecy and this kingly humility. He is the ultimate Davidic King....
(Read full text to get it all.)
....But the truth is the prophecy from Zechariah about their king coming on a donkey was never a message of glory for Israel, but always a harbinger of judgement. There are some who believe that God’s intention with Jesus was to set up the kingdom of God in the first century. These people believe that Israel was being offered their chance to have the kingdom then, however because the people rejected it they missed their chance. But this is not the case, not the case at all. The prophecy to “daughter Zion” that the king would come to her riding on a donkey was always a harbinger of judgement. Where do I get this from? Well, let’s read the prophecy itself in Zechariah 9.
We read there, “9 Rejoice greatly, O daughter of Zion! Shout aloud, O daughter of Jerusalem! Behold, your king is coming to you; righteous and having salvation is he, humble and mounted on a donkey, on a colt, the foal of a donkey” (Zech. 9: 9). On first reading this verse seems to contradict my point. Zechariah is clearly pronouncing salvation here, “Behold, your king is coming to you; righteous and having salvation is he…” And this is what the people of Israel were likely thinking when they saw Jesus on that donkey. They would have seen a man coming to claim his throne and set things right. And he was going to do that, just not in the way most people think. They misunderstood Zechariah’s message, because they, like so many Christians today, had not read the context of the prophecy.
Let’s read it the context,
“10 I will cut off the chariot from Ephraim and the war horse from Jerusalem; and the battle bow shall be cut off, and he shall speak peace to the nations; his rule shall be from sea to sea, and from the River to the ends of the earth. 11 As for you also, because of the blood of my covenant with you, I will set your prisoners free from the waterless pit. 12 Return to your stronghold, O prisoners of hope; today I declare that I will restore to you double. 13 For I have bent Judah as my bow; I have made Ephraim its arrow. I will stir up your sons, O Zion, against your sons, O Greece, and wield you like a warrior’s sword.”
Zechariah warned them that when the saviour came on his donkey, he was coming for judgement of Israel. We see several aspects of this judgement. Firstly, Zechariah prophesied that when the king comes on his donkey this will lead to the armies of Israel being destroyed “I will cut off the chariot from Ephraim and the war horse from Jerusalem…” Secondly, he prophesied that the captives would go free, “I will set your prisoners free from the waterless pit.” And, thirdly, he prophesied that Israel would go to war with the sons of Greece, “I will stir up your sons, O Zion, against your sons, O Greece…” The coming of the King of Israel back to Zion would herald the destruction of Jerusalem via a war with the Sons of Greece.
We know this happened..
Zechariah prophesied that God would save his people when all this happened, and he did. Those of you who know your history know that when Jerusalem was surrounded by armies, the Christians who trusted Jesus’ word fled, and were saved. Some of you will know that Josephus even notes that they saw signs in the sky overhead the war was building.
All this shows that those who cried out that their salvation was here were right, but they were wrong about how it worked. They thought that their salvation was tied to the destiny of the kingdom of Israel, the existence of the temple and all that goes with that. But it was not, it never was. All of that was merely a vehicle through which real salvation would come.
All of this also shows that the New Testament Church was never a back up plan. Israel’s rejection of their Messiah was prophesied, so was Jerusalem’s destruction. I love how history brings the Bible alive and also shows us why we should slow down when reading the Bible and look at how the Old and New Testament join together.