IV. The Collapse of Materialism in Physics
The Enlightenment’s metaphysics was materialist at its core. The universe was matter in motion, governed by deterministic laws, fully explicable in principle by the methods of physics. Mind was either reducible to matter or an epiphenomenal shadow cast by material processes. Purpose, meaning, and value were projections onto a universe that contained none of them intrinsically. The goal of science was to complete the mechanical picture, to fill in the remaining gaps, to achieve the God’s-eye view that would render everything transparent to human understanding.
The twentieth century destroyed this picture from within. The destruction came not from theology or philosophy but from physics itself, from the very science that was supposed to complete the materialist vision......
This is not a “God of the gaps” argument, inserting divinity wherever science has not yet reached. It is the exact opposite: the recognition that the gaps are not temporary deficiencies to be filled by future research but the structural features of creaturely knowledge. We see as though through a glass, darkly, not because the glass could be replaced by something clearer, but because we are creatures and not Creator. The darkness is not a problem to be solved but a condition to be acknowledged. Humility about our limits is not skepticism; it is the precondition of genuine knowledge.
